Using Permethrin To Prevent Tick Bites
I've written about basic tick prevention and removal methods before.
Since then, we've learned a little secret from the U.S. Military.
It's called Permethrin!
We now use Permethrin instead of DEET-based products to repel ticks and mosquitoes.
DEET is an excellent mosquito repellent, but it is a fairly poor tick repellent. We are inundated with so many DEET repellents because there are several huge corporations that manufacture hundreds of variations of DEET products. There is only one small company, Coulston Laboratory, that markets a handful of competitive tick repellent products for human use that contain 0.5 % permethrin. Source
Tick Repellent That's Stronger Than DEET
We recently purchased yet another piece of land. (More on that here.)
As a result, we've been spending a significant amount of time deep in the middle of the woods walking the property lines and attempting to clear out a spot to put a house.
But this time, we asked a couple of people "in the know" (like land surveyors and land developers) about the best way to prevent tick bites -- because products with DEET just weren't cutting it.
The verdict: Permethrin. It's very potent. In fact, the guy at the Tractor Supply store called it a "nerve agent" that you should never get on your skin. (More about that below.)
Permethrin has been documented thoroughly by the Department of Defense and is now used regularly by the U.S. Military.
Here's what we've learned. How it's worked for us so far. And where we found it...
Facts About Permethrin
A synthetic pyrethroid insecticide rather than a true repellent, Permethrin works primarily by killing ticks on contact with the clothes and can provide high levels of protection against tick bites (and mosquitoes).
Permethrin causes no damage to any known cloth or synthetic fiber.
Tests on ticks conducted in Massachusetts concluded that 100% protection was provided against the Deer tick (Ixodes Scapularis) which is the primary vector of Lyme disease in the Midwest and Northeast. The same outstanding results occurred when testing the Western Black Legged tick, Lone Star tick, American Dog tick and Brown Dog tick.
In tests, ticks that crossed only 10 inches of treated fabric fell from the uniform, later dying due to this limited exposure.
Permethrin is applied to exterior clothing where it dries and bonds to the cloth fiber. This water-based formula is non-staining, odorless and has exceptional resistance to degradation by sunlight (UV), heat and water.
When placed on clothing it will last 2 to 6 weeks (even up to 1 year with special application) and will even last through weekly launderings.
Permethrin is the best form of prevention against tick-borne diseases like Lyme Disease.
What About Permethrin On The Skin?
Permethrin has low mammalian toxicity, is poorly absorbed through the skin and is rapidly inactivated by the body. Skin reactions have been uncommon. In fact, Permethrin is virtually non-toxic to humans and no systemic effects have been reported. In EPA and FDA tests, it was uncommon to have any skin reddening, rash or other irritation.
Although Permethrin is approved for skin application under certain circumstances such as head lice formulas, it is not applied to skin as a repellent. Permethrin does not bond to skin (stick) and is quickly deactivated by skin's esterase action into inactive compounds. Because of these attributes Permethrin offers no repellent benefit on skin. It is only effective when used as a clothing treatment.
Facts About DEET
DEET is the most effective, broad-spectrum repellent ever discovered.
DEET comes in many different concentrations, with percentages as low as 5% or as high as 100%. In general, the higher the concentration the higher the protection, but the risk of negative health effects goes up, too.
DEET needs to be applied regularly and can only work as it is evaporating
DEET will repel ticks and decrease the chances of tick bite, but depending upon the concentration, it may not provide total protection against I. scapularis.
Concentrations of DEET that might prevent tick attachment may not deter a tick from walking across the skin to unexposed and untreated areas.
When applied to clothes, 30% and 20% DEET was found to be 92% and 86% effective against I. scapularis (deer ticks), respectively. But skin applications were reported to be only 75 to 87% effective against crawling ticks in a second study.
DEET concentrations of 33% as provided in the 3M Ultrathon product (for use on skin) were chosen by the U.S. Military for its superior performance and high margin of safety.
Most brand-name DEET-based products already have a DEET range from 15% to 33%. It is more effective to use lower concentrations of DEET with more frequent application than to assume the higher concentrations to be longer lasting. They are not.
Where To Buy Permethrin For Clothing & Gear
Not all Permethrin is blended for the purpose of bonding to fabric. Most Permethrin is agricultural which is for pest control on vegetation. Its design purpose is to stick to plants thus protecting the plants. Veterinary products are designed to adhere to animal skins/hair or premises and are not for fabric application. Some Permethrin is formulated for treatment of medical conditions such as head lice and scabies. The formulations are not interchangeable mostly because of solvents utilized. Always refer to manufacturers label and use instructions. Source
Our land surveyor friend said to look for Permethrin "at the Co-op". He said it comes in an aerosol can that you spray directly on your clothing and gear, but never on your skin.
The first place I thought of was Tractor Supply, but they only have the kind for vegetation. In fact, the guy at Tractor Supply said they have a few different products for your yard with Permethrin in it, but they aren't to be used on clothing and should remain far far away from your skin.
So, I ran back home and hopped on the Internet where I found 2 places that sell cans of Permethrin spray for clothing and gear: Amazon.com and eBay. Amazon carries the Repel Permanone permethrin product in a 6oz aerosol can.
We decided to purchase a 3-pack of the Duranon Tick Repellent from "pestremover123" who has 100% positive feedback on eBay and a long selling history! Each aerosol can contains 6 ounces of .5% Permethrin and covers 2 outfits -- shirts, pans, socks, shoes, and hats. (We found this to be accurate.)
Each of the above products are recommended by Kirby C. Stafford III, Ph.D. of The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station:
"Several products contain 0.5% Permethrin (e.g. Duranon Tick Repellent, Repel Permanone, Cutter Outdoorsman Gear Guard, Permethrin Tick Repellent), which is for use only on clothing or other fabrics such as mosquito netting or tents."
Our Unscientific Test: Permethrin vs OFF With 30% DEET
To begin our experiment, Jim sprayed his jeans, short-sleeve shirt, socks, and shoes with Duranon (a Permethrin product) 2 hours prior to our trip -- as instructed on the label. He made sure not to get any on his skin.
I sprayed my jeans, long-sleeve shirt, and shoes with OFF a few minutes before we entered the woods.
So, after an hour-long romp in the woods, did we find any ticks on us???
We never found a single tick on Jim! Not one.
As soon as we got in the car, we found one on me (on my back, around the bra line). And a few hours later we found another one on me -- in about the same location. That's pretty typical.
When we only use a product with 30% DEET, we almost always find 2 to 4 ticks on each of us. And if we spend a lot of time in really thick woods (which we didn't on this trip), then we usually find 5 to 10 on each of us. (Yep, even with the DEET.)
At this point, we're over the DEET products (when it comes to ticks anyway) and the Permethrin ranks #1 in our book!
...okay, so maybe we'll still use 30% DEET on our skin and use the Permethrin on our clothing. Gosh, we may never see another tick in our lifetime!
For More Information About Permethrin...
Contact the National Pesticide Telecommunications Network. Their phone number is 800-858-7378. Hours: 9:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. EST or 6:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. PST.
I think you are worrying far too much about Permethrin. We use it often for lice and scabies applied directly to the skin, left on for several hours and repeated in 2 weeks.
Wow... Don, I'm sooooo sorry to hear this about your dog. Especially when the product you used came recommended by a veterinarian.
Please keep us posted.
And thanks for taking the time to share your story. It's a great reminder of just how potent Permethrin is, and the fact that it's hard to know how you (or your dog) will ultimately react to it.
**Prayers & best wishes for your little one**
Applied permethrin 65% w/w (a product called Defend) which was purchased and recomended fron a Vet to our 4yr old Bichon. It has had a reaction to this product within a few hours.This caused the dog to shake as if wet, yelp, and finally is very lethargic. after 10 hrs of this we bathed her and rinsed well. Symptoms are still there but seems to be improving. This after 1ml on the back between shoulder blades on a 18lb dog. I do hope the dog will survive with no nerve damage to the brain.
Well, it's not a problem to spray it on a bed sheet per se. HOWEVER, it should never come in contact with your skin. So I doubt you'd want to do that.
You see, Permethrin is a nerve agent. That's what makes it so effective -- the moment that ticks & bugs come into contact with it, it affects them and they don't latch onto your skin.
Just the same, it is harmful to human skin as well. So if you're going to spray Permethrin on a bed sheet, just don't lie on the bed sheet yourself! Nor would I let any pets lie on anything sprayed with Permethrin.
Hi Lynette, how are you? We are a bit adventurer like you guys! We are from Switzerland living now in Manitoba and previously lived in Tunisia, Senegal, traveled a lot around the world.... Anyhow, I come to ask you a question about the Permethrin for the ticks: if am I right, it wouldn't be a problem to spray it on the bed sheet.. as it is fabric and odorless? Thanks for your answer... have a good day, see ya
Don't ask me how I know, but if someone in your family gets scabies (a parasitic skin infection), you are treated with a one-time application permethrin cream.
The warnings on the tube are pretty scary, though!
Thanks for the education on Permethrin. This IS the low-down.